ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a partisan issue rather than an independent public health issue in the US. This study examined the behavioural consequences of motivated reasoning and framing by investigating the impacts of COVID-19 news exposure and news frames, as apparent through a Latent Dirichlet topic modelling analysis of local news coverage, on state-level preventive behaviours as understood through a nationally representative survey. Findings suggested that the media effects on various preventive behaviours differed. The overall exposure rate to all COVID-19 news articles increased mask-wearing but did not significantly impact other preventive behaviours. Four news frames significantly increased avoiding contact or avoiding public or crowded places. However, news articles discussing anxiety and stay at home order triggered resistance and countereffects and led to risky behaviours. ‘Solid Republican' state residents were less likely to avoid contact, avoid public or crowded places, and wear masks. However, partisan leanings did not interfere with the impact of differing local COVID-19 news frames on reported preventive behaviours. Plus, statements regarding pre-existing trust in Trump did not correlate with reported preventive behaviour. Attention to effect sizes revealed that news exposure and news frames could have a bigger impact on health behaviours than motivated reasoning.
ABSTRACT
Canine parvovirus (CPV), canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine rotavirus (CRV) are the three main causative viruses of diarrhea in dogs with similar clinical symptoms;thereby it is necessary to establish a high effective molecular detection method for differentiating the above pathogens. By optimizing the primer concentration and annealing temperature, a triple PCR method was established for simultaneous detection of CPV, CCoV and CRV, and then the specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the method were tested. The results showed that the target fragments of CPV VP2 gene (253 bp), CCoV ORF-1b gene (379 bp) and CRV VP6 gene (852 bp) could be accurately amplified by the triple PCR method with high specificity, the detection limits of CPV, CCOV and CRV were 6.44x10-1 pg/L, 8.72x10-1 pg/L and 8.35x10-1 pg/L respectively with high sensitivity, and the method had good stability. Using this triple PCR method, 135 canine diarrhea fecal samples collected in Chengdu region from 2019 to 2020 were detected, and compared with those of single PCR method. The detection rates of CPV, CCoV and CRV were 16.30%, 20.74% and 4.44%, respectively, and the total infection rate was 51.11% (65/135) with 20.00% (13/65) co-infection rate. The detection results were consistent with three single PCR methods. In conclusion, CPV/CCoV/CRV triple PCR method successfully established in this paper can be applied as an effective molecular method to detection of related pathogens and to the epidemiological investigation.
ABSTRACT
The study focuses on the framing of the COVID-19 pandemic in German parliamentary debates and media reports. It concentrates on the first three pandemic waves. The goal is not only to compare political and media framing, but also to show how frames changed from wave to wave. A content analysis of plenary protocols and articles from Welt Online and SZ Online has been carried out, coding single frame elements instead of complete frames, which are instead formed through cluster analyses. Results show that there are differences between government and opposition framing of the pandemic, with the opposition parties criticising the government's crisis management, while the governing parties justified their policies. Concerning the relationship between media and political framing, findings indicate that similar frames are used in both arenas. Nevertheless, differences in frequency are evident. The results show no evidence to support the assumption that frames of the governing parties are picked up more frequently by the media. Moreover, there are no signs of frame alignment between political actors and the media in the early stages of the pandemic nor of a diversification thereafter.
ABSTRACT
This editorial is a response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic and underlines the valuable role that critical social science approaches to risk and uncertainty can play in helping us understand how risk is being understood and mitigated. Drawing on Heyman's approach to understanding risk as a configuration of probabilistic knowledge, time-framing, categories and values, I explore COVID-19 risk in relation to each of these features while also emphasising how different features stabilise one another. I suggest lines of inquiry into each of these features and their interrelatedness. I then move to present some important insights from the work of Mary Douglas which are especially germane to studying the risk of COVID-19 and, again, I raise possibilities for future research. Emphasising the centrality of ritual to Douglas's theory, I develop these considerations to encourage an exploration of magic and magical thinking, alongside rational approaches to COVID-19 risk.
ABSTRACT
In late December 2019, the world witnessed the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which subsequently led to numerous social and work limitations including face-to-face communication and documentary production worldwide. While many studies have focused on the framing of COVID-19 by mainstream news agencies and political figures, few studies have concentrated on the perspectives of independent filmmakers regarding the pandemic. The challenges faced by these niche filmmakers during COVID-19 would have likely magnified and changed due to the uncertainties that befell filming and distribution. In this intrinsic case study, the researcher aims to explore the creative processes of two documentary films, Luo Luo's Fear and Entrapment, produced by emerging and experienced filmmakers, respectively, during the pandemic while participating in the Caochangdi (CCD) Workstation's Folk Memory Project. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on data collected from in-depth interviews with two participants and their reflective memos. This work also seeks to describe the filmmakers' experiences of filming during the pandemic and how these experiences framed their documentary filmmaking. Next, the researcher explores the salient visual framework used by the filmmakers through their documentary film analysis. Both films focused on their fears and challenges at this particular time of the pandemic, framing the entire film through internal monologues that have also become a distinctive style of their own creation. Overall, the current research contributes to the limited literature by focusing on the impacts of building of online strategies and creative community support on independent filmmakers' self-rescue during the pandemic and how visual framing can be enhanced in the study of films.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes two large polyproteins (pp), pp1a and pp1ab which are cleaved and transformed into a mature form by a protease, non-structural protein 3 (NSP3). NSP3 is encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1a/b. Curcuma longa (C. longa) or turmeric has been documented to have antiviral effects. The aim of this study was to assess the viral activities of C. longa against SARS-CoV-2 focusing on its potency to inhibit viral replication by targeting NSP3. PubChem databases were used to obtain the metabolic profile of C. longa. The compound's interaction with nucleocapsid was analyzed using molecular docking with Molegro Virtual Docker. Bioinformatics analysis based on rerank score presents all compounds of C. longa have higher binding affinity than the native ligand with cyclocurcumin as the lowest score (-128.38 kcal/mol). This anti-viral activity was hypothesized from the similarity of hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues Ser 128 and Asn 40 as key residues present in Ribavirin. This study reveals that C. longa is the potential to be developed as an antiviral agent through replication inhibition in SARS-CoV-2 targeting its replication mediated by NSP3.
ABSTRACT
In the introduction to this special issue of Volkskunde on heritage and controversies, the urgency and relevance of this topic in the 2020s are emphasized. The wave of symbolic violence and protests against statues of persons linked with slave trade or colonization (illustrated with the case of the Melville Monument in Edinburgh) in the 2020s, was fuelled by the Black Lives Matter Movement, in particular after the death of George Floyd in 2020. The expansion and proliferation of the concept of heritage in the 21st century, well beyond only monuments and statues, is accompanied by an expansion of controversies. An extended series of adjectives like dark, difficult or toxic has recently been introduced in museology and critical heritage studies to draw attention to problematic aspects of heritage, memories, and tourism. This is contextualized by problematizing and addressing historical and contemporary events, traumas, and development. This is not only the case for slavery, imperialism, racism, colonialism, and gender relations in the past but also for climate change, sustainability, and anxieties about the future(s). These agendas and new challenges have effects on education, in particular history and history didactics. This field is now confronted with strong political attempts at orientation and reframing (as the attempts to launch a selective canon trajectory in Flanders demonstrate). But resilience can be expected, just like strategies of multiplication of perspectives, stories, canons, and frames. In the last five years, several projects were launched by Paul Janssenswillen en Wil Meeus, focusing on the topic of controversies in heritage (organizations) and teaching history, emphasizing multiperspectivity and the need for tools and didactic frames. This even leads to an article in this journal Volkskunde, published in 2019. One of these projects, the REGER project, bumped halfway into the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns and other problems in 2020 and 2021. But as the present volume demonstrates, literature reviews and numerous experiments were realized in the second phase. Some results are published in this special issue. Confronted with the pandemic's impact and several evolutions, a reorientation of the trajectory of the project led to the discovery of controversy mapping and its application in high schools and higher education in France. Many other promising lines are explored, including the legacy of the late Bruno Latour, the work of Tommaso Venturini and Anders Kristian Munk and the potential of thinking in terms of "Streitwert" (agonistic value), as launched by Gabi Dolff-Bonekamper.
ABSTRACT
The coronavirus pandemic has generated renewed public debate about different forms of masking. In this article I analyze news frames that circulated in English-language Canadian news outlets throughout 2020, performing an informal discourse analysis of coverage of Quebec's secularism law, Bill 21, alongside coverage of two anti-mask protests held in Aylmer, Ontario. In the case of Bill 21, I argue that the predominant frame that shaped coverage was one of hypocrisy, which foregrounded the discriminatory nature of the legislation but obscured the Christian cultural politics otherwise embedded in the law. In the case of the Aylmer marches, I argue that news coverage centered on the role of the religious outlier, particularly through attention to outspoken Church of God Restoration pastor Rev. Henry Hildebrandt. This frame amplified Hildebrandt's political statements but downplayed the more quotidian role of conservative Christianity in shaping some anti-mask sentiment. In both cases I argue that attending to the Christian cultural politics which were obscured by dominant news frames can help us better understand the persistent role of religion in shaping public discourse.
ABSTRACT
This study examines the influence of joint information framing and personality traits on housing purchase decisions, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a between-subjects experimental design, we found that negative framing has a stronger impact on purchase decisions for optimistic participants compared with pessimistic ones. Additionally, high-price anchoring has a greater negative effect on purchase intention for pessimists, while low-price anchoring has a stronger positive effect for optimists. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the low-price real estate market has been less severely impacted by the pandemic than the high-price market. The real estate market seeks to minimize information asymmetry to achieve sustainable and healthy development. These results contribute to creating inclusive, safe, and sustainable cities.
ABSTRACT
Drawing on insights from scholarship on contentious action frames, this article examines the framing of demands for social justice for migrant farmworkers in Spain, Italy and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus particularly on how activists in each country aligned their action frames with prevalent public discourses on the essential contribution migrants make to agricultural production, the need to guarantee "health for all,” and "increased vulnerability” of migrants' lives during the global health crisis. Using these diagnostic frames, activists in the three countries called for secure legal status for all migrants. Drawing on the literature on contentious action frames, we then analyze if action frames advanced by activists during the COVID-19 pandemic "resonated” with the understanding of these issues by policymakers. We challenge an approach to understanding resonance in binary terms as either present or absent. Instead, we introduce the notion of "ambivalent resonance” to draw attention to the fact that some frames are accepted only partially or only by some policymakers but not the others, as was the case in the three countries under study. We then situate this ambivalent resonance in the context of immigration priorities and recent trends in immigration policy development in these three countries and suggest that activists can build on ambivalences to advance migrant rights to status © 2023, Studies in Social Justice.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
This qualitative social media framing analysis captures the discursive engagement with COVID-19 in Fridays for Future's (FFF) digital protest communication on Facebook. In offering comparative insights from 457 posts across 29 public pages from FFF collectives in the European Union, this study offers the first analysis of social movement frames employed by FFF during the pandemic. By coding all Corona-related messages across collectives, we chart three framing processes: adaptation (compliance, solidarity), reframing (reclaiming the crisis, nexus between climate and health), and mobilization (sustained involvement, digital protest alternatives). We discuss our findings alongside social movement framing theory, including frame bridging and scope enlargement to accommodate the pandemic topicality into FFF's environmental master frame, and frame development by FFF movement leaders. This study thus provides key insights into discursive shifts in social movements brought on by external crises that threaten to marginalize the cause and demobilize adherents.
ABSTRACT
The American reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic is polarized, with conservatives often less willing to engage in risk-mitigation strategies such as mask-wearing and vaccination. COVID-19 narratives are also polarized, as some conservative elites focus on the economy over public health. In this registered report, we test whether combining economic and public health messages can persuade individuals to increase support for COVID-19 risk mitigation. We present preliminary evidence that the combination of messages is complementary, rather than competing or polarizing. When given a message emphasizing COVID-19's negative health and economic effects in a pilot study, conservatives increased their support for a broad range of risk-mitigation strategies, while liberals maintained high levels of support. A preregistered larger-n follow-up study, however, failed to replicate this effect. While complementary frames may be a promising way to persuade voters on some issues, they may also struggle to overcome high levels of existing polarization.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19, infectious disease which is caused by the new virus called corona virus [SARS-COV-2], majorly affects the lungs which can be identified by the CT scan of the corona affected patients. We have collected for about 353 lung CT frames from each COVID-19 patient. it is about 369 non COVID-19 CT frames for the purpose of testing and training which gives the best identification technique in this pandemic situation. The identification technique we have introduced in this paper is data augmentation technique which gave best results that will be discussed here in further. From the collected data, we have utilized 75% of the lungs CT frames for training and another 25% frames for difficult attributes. This research paper encompasses of the results specified on CT images of corona complete, improved and loss problems which helps in comparative analysis. So, this comparative analysis of CT images is the illustration investigative statistics examination.
ABSTRACT
How and why do people reframe their understanding of the communities and organizations to which they belong? I draw on the case of a collegiate religious fellowship that moved online during the COVID-19 pandemic to examine how individuals' frames and participation patterns evolved as their community underwent a collective shift. I argue that reframing is triggered by temporal disconnect between past frames and present circumstances, present circumstances and imagined futures, or all three. My findings add nuance to existing theorizing on how members' frames shape participation by revealing how positive frames that sustain high levels of participation in "settled times" can become a liability in "unsettled times." My findings have relevance for understanding participation trajectories in a variety of group contexts, and advance theorizing on micro-level framing as a dynamic, fundamentally temporal process.
ABSTRACT
A new and reliable method has been constructed for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) open reading frames 1ab (ORF1ab) gene via highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor technology based on highly efficient asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (asymmetric PCR) amplification strategy. This method uses magnetic particles coupled with biotin-labeled one complementary nucleic acid sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab gene as the magnetic capture probes, and [Formula: see text]-labeled amino-modified another complementary nucleic acid sequence as the luminescent probes, and then a detection model of magnetic capture probes-asymmetric PCR amplification nucleic acid products-[Formula: see text]-labeled luminescent probes is formed, which combines the advantages of highly efficient asymmetric PCR amplification strategy and highly sensitive ECL biosensor technology, enhancing the method sensitivity of detecting the SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab gene. The method enables the rapid and sensitive detection of the ORF1ab gene and has a linear range of 1-[Formula: see text] copies/[Formula: see text], a regression equation of [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] + 2919.301 ([Formula: see text] = 0.9983, [Formula: see text] = 7), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 copy/[Formula: see text]. In summary, it can meet the analytical requirements for simulated saliva and urine samples and has the benefits of easy operation, reasonable reproducibility, high sensitivity, and anti-interference abilities, which can provide a reference for developing efficient field detection methods for SARS-CoV-2.
ABSTRACT
Most Higher Education Institutions, including in Indonesia, must adopt and utilize online technologies for emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic to keep the pedagogical practice running. Having done the practice for about one year, there is paramount to understand teachers' experience in adopting technologies. Arguably, there has been zero study employing narrative frames conducted in Indonesia investigating EFL (English as a foreign language) university teachers' experience in adopting online technologies for their teaching during the pandemic. Therefore, the present narrative study examines this issue. Four narrative frames were developed as the instruments of the study by referring to two core variables and one outcome variable of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) consisting of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and reported general use of online technologies. Sixteen narrative frames completed by participants from seven universities in East and West Java unveil that despite the arduous initial process of shifting from face-to-face into online teaching, problems and difficulties which were still encountered during the pedagogical undertaking and a somewhat limited number of online platforms that had been utilized, the teachers' very positive perceptions on the usefulness of online technologies led to persistence and optimism in their reported general use of the technologies in their teaching. It was concluded that teachers are quite ready to further implement online technologies in their teaching. However, supporting facilities, facilitating conditions, as well as training for developing technological knowledge and skills are needed to support the process © 2023, Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
The Open Reading Frame 3 (ORF3), an accessory protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), has been shown to interact with a myriad of cellular proteins, among which include the IB kinase beta (IKBKB). Here, specific IKBKB domains responsible for ORF3-IKBKB interaction were identified. Dysregulation of NF-B and Type I interferon (IFN) in the presence of ORF3 was also demonstrated. We showed that while ORF3 was capable of up-regulating IKBKB-meditated NF-B promoter activity, it surprisingly down-regulated the activation of IKBKB-meditated IFN-beta promoter and expression of IFN-beta mRNA. When overexpressed, ORF3 could suppress Poly I:C mediated type I IFN production and induction. Finally, we demonstrated that IKBKB- and RIG-I-mediated type I IFN induction by ORF3 resulted in different outcomes. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential and complex roles of ORF3 in the involvement of aberrant immune signaling as well as in the virus-host interaction.
ABSTRACT
The press, as a culturally structured system, contributes to the formation of audience self-images – defining one's domestic identity – and hetero images – defining the Other. Using journalistic translation and journalism studies, this contribution explores the national image provided by the Italian press in news translated into English by the Ansa news agency website during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The few studies on news translations including the English-Italian language pair studied the linguistic characteristics of translated language (i.e. universals), thus making the analysis of national image in news translation an unexplored area. The methodological framework will be based on Critical Discourse Analysis' qualitative approach as well as two essential concepts from Journalism Studies. To begin with, the concept of gatekeeping can be used to explain the various flows of information and news provided in translated articles. Second, understanding the framework of news manipulation and rewriting will be made possible by understanding the concept of frame. The goal is to disclose how the Italian national image is communicated. © 2022 Masarykova Univerzita. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a great impact on the life of every inhabitant of the planet. During 2020 and 2021 a significant amount of work on how the pandemic is being conceptualized and communicated has been done. Most work has focused on the role of metaphor in the construal of specific cognitive frames. In this paper, we turn to a similar but different conceptualization mechanism, i.e. simile. Drawing from recent socio-cognitive and discursive empirical approaches to similes, this paper focuses on "target is like source" constructions in English and Spanish containing (corona)virus either as target or source of the simile. The analysis is based on 200 examples found in the digital media during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020. First, the constructions, conceptualizations and mappings are analyzed. Second, the relevant discourse features (genre type, relation to subjectivity, text location and structuring properties) are described. Finally, the cross-linguistic English-Spanish analysis shows that, despite the many coincidences in both datasets, there are different tendencies as for the use of culture-specific mappings and the genres where the similes occur in. The study aims at testing to what extent the general features characterizing similes also hold in the case of (corona)virus, both as source and as target. The corpus analysis contributes, in addition, to the emerging line of research on the use of figuration in the communication of the pandemic, as well as to the study of the discursive dimensions of similes in real settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
"Learning loss" has become the new buzzword in education during the COVID-19 era. Learning loss may be real in certain academic subjects (e.g. mathematics and reading) for certain students, as indicated by standardized test scores. However, it only tells a partial story. The other part of the story actually indicates different kinds of learning gain that might have occurred for children experiencing non-conventional learning opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the authors caution against subscribing to a learning-loss narrative, a deficits-based perspective, which can lead one to lose sight of children's potential learning gains that are not necessarily assessed or recognized. Against this backdrop, the authors offer four recommendations: (1) reframing the concept of "learning loss" to "learning gain";(2) applying a strengths-based model rather than a deficits-based model for understanding student learning;(3) investing in the development of the whole child;and (4) ensuring that we focus on young children's socio-emotional well-being (e.g. relationship-building) and not solely on the cognitive domains. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)